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Morphine reduces ventilation without changing metabolic rate in exercise.

B J Martin, C W Zwillich, J V Weil

    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Analgesic doses of morphine decrease exercise ventilation without altering metabolic rate. This study suggests morphine affects exercise breathing through mechanisms independent of metabolic changes or chemical respiratory drives.

    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Respiratory Medicine
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Opioids like morphine are known to depress ventilation.
    • The precise mechanism by which morphine reduces ventilation during exercise is not fully understood.
    • Previous hypotheses suggested a reduction in metabolic rate might explain morphine's effect on exercise ventilation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanism of morphine-induced ventilatory depression during exercise.
    • To determine if morphine reduces exercise ventilation by altering metabolic rate.
    • To assess the impact of morphine on chemical ventilatory responses (hypoxic and hypercapnic) during exercise.

    Main Methods:

    • Six healthy subjects performed treadmill exercise at 1/3 and 2/3 maximal oxygen uptake.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Ventilation (VE) and end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) were measured after intravenous injection of saline or morphine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg).
  • Ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were assessed during exercise under morphine influence.

    • Main Results:

    • Morphine significantly reduced exercise ventilation (VE) at both work intensities (P < 0.05).
    • Morphine did not alter metabolic rate during exercise.
    • Morphine increased end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) and did not change ventilatory responses to hypoxia or hypercapnia.

    Conclusions:

    • Analgesic doses of morphine reduce exercise ventilation through a mechanism distinct from changes in metabolic rate.
    • Morphine's effect on exercise ventilation is not mediated by alterations in the hypoxic or hypercapnic ventilatory drives.
    • The findings suggest a novel pathway for morphine's influence on respiratory control during physical exertion.