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Schedule-controlled behavior in the morphine-dependent and post-dependent rat.

L S Brady, S G Holtzman

    Psychopharmacology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Chronic morphine treatment alters drug sensitivity in rats. Morphine effectiveness decreased, while naloxone

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Neuroscience
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • Chronic morphine administration can cause lasting changes in how animals respond to morphine and narcotic antagonists.
    • Previous studies have not systematically compared these effects within the same animals before, during, and after chronic morphine exposure.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically investigate the effects of chronic morphine administration on morphine and naloxone dose-response curves in rats.
    • To compare these effects in the same animals across predependent, dependent, and post-dependent states.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were trained on a variable interval schedule of food reinforcement.
    • Dose-response curves for morphine and naloxone were determined before, during, and after chronic morphine dependence.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Morphine dependence was induced and maintained using a 0.05% morphine solution administered on a fixed schedule.

    • Main Results:

    • Chronic morphine treatment significantly reduced the antinociceptive effect of morphine by threefold.
    • The effectiveness of naloxone in decreasing response rates dramatically increased in dependent rats.
    • These altered sensitivities were fully reversed within four weeks after morphine withdrawal.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic morphine treatment induces significant, reversible changes in opioid and antagonist sensitivity.
    • Scheduled access to morphine solution is a viable method for maintaining dependent animals for long-term behavioral research.
    • Findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological adaptations underlying opioid dependence and withdrawal.