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Thyroid state and mitochondrial population during maturation and ageing.

A Barletta1, G Liverini, F Goglia

  • 1Instituto di Fisiologia Generale, Università di Napoli, Italy.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|July 1, 1980
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone levels in rats increase significantly after birth, peaking around 12 days, while liver T3 content also rises. Mitochondrial activity remains constant, but cell numbers increase at weaning.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are crucial for mammalian development and metabolism.
  • Understanding their dynamic changes from birth to old age is essential for developmental and aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ontogeny of thyroid hormone levels, liver T3 content, mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) activity, and mitochondrial numbers in rats.
  • To correlate these parameters with developmental and aging processes.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of serum total and free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels.
  • Quantification of liver T3 content.
  • Assay of mitochondrial alpha-GPDH activity.
  • Determination of mitochondrial number per cell.

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Main Results:

  • Serum thyroid hormone levels (T3 and T4) increased from birth to 12 days, then plateaued.
  • Liver T3 content mirrored this pattern, rising in the first two weeks and stabilizing.
  • Mitochondrial alpha-GPDH activity remained constant throughout life.
  • Mitochondrial number doubled from birth to weaning and remained stable thereafter.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone profiles exhibit distinct developmental trajectories from birth to senescence.
  • The constant alpha-GPDH activity suggests complex hormonal regulation or early receptor synthesis.
  • Mitochondrial biogenesis is significantly influenced by developmental stages, particularly around weaning.