Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Calcium spikes in toad rods.

G L Fain, H M Gerschenfeld, F N Quandt

    The Journal of Physiology
    |June 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) superfusion in toad rods revealed regenerative potentials, dependent on extracellular calcium. These findings suggest a novel calcium conductance in rod membranes.

    Related Concept Videos

    You might also read

    Related Articles

    Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

    Sort by
    Same author

    Bleaching of mouse rods: microspectrophotometry and suction-electrode recording.

    The Journal of physiology·2012
    Same author

    Replacing the rod with the cone transducin subunit decreases sensitivity and accelerates response decay.

    The Journal of physiology·2010
    Same author

    Removal of phosphorylation sites of gamma subunit of phosphodiesterase 6 alters rod light response.

    The Journal of physiology·2006
    Same author

    Dark adaptation.

    Progress in brain research·2001
    Same author

    A light-dependent increase in free Ca2+ concentration in the salamander rod outer segment.

    The Journal of physiology·2001
    Same author

    Adaptation in vertebrate photoreceptors.

    Physiological reviews·2001
    Same journal

    Who are you, ketamine? Good, evil, or dose- and context-dependent?

    The Journal of physiology·2026
    Same journal

    Nuances in explaining the blunted erythropoietic response at altitude following recombinant human erythropoietin treatment at sea level.

    The Journal of physiology·2026
    Same journal

    Sex-dependent responses to glucagon agonist therapies in obesity: Mechanistic insights and broader pharmacological implications.

    The Journal of physiology·2026
    Same journal

    Brain sparing in fetal growth restriction: The double-edged sword of fetal hypoxaemia.

    The Journal of physiology·2026
    Same journal

    Protein kinase Cδ and pharmacomechanical coupling: Re-envisioning cerebral vascular control.

    The Journal of physiology·2026
    Same journal

    Improved subjective sleep quality in older adults by enhancing the GABAergic system in the sensorimotor cortex.

    The Journal of physiology·2026
    See all related articles

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Phototransduction
    • Ion Channel Physiology

    Background:

    • Toad retinal rods exhibit complex electrical responses to light and pharmacological agents.
    • Understanding the ionic mechanisms underlying these responses is crucial for deciphering visual processing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the ionic basis of regenerative potentials in toad rods.
    • To characterize the role of calcium and other ions in these responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Intracellular recordings from toad rods superfused with tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), 4-aminopyridine, and BaCl2.
    • Manipulations of extracellular calcium (Ca2+), strontium (Sr2+), and other ion concentrations.
    • Application of various ion channel blockers.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Main Results:

    • TEA, 4-aminopyridine, and BaCl2 induced large, depolarizing regenerative potentials in toad rods.
    • Regenerative potential amplitude was critically dependent on extracellular Ca2+ concentration.
    • Strontium ions enhanced regenerative activity, enabling action potential generation even without external Na+.
    • Specific blockers (Cd2+, Co2+, Mg2+, D-600) inhibited these potentials, while TTX and Na aspartate had no effect.

    Conclusions:

    • Toad rods possess a depolarization-activated, Ca2+-selective conductance.
    • This Ca2+ conductance is normally masked by an outward K+ current.
    • TEA and similar agents unmask this Ca2+ conductance, leading to regenerative responses.