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A method for estimating bias introduced into epidemiological investigations by those who refuse to participate
Abstract:
Several methods have been suggested for estimating the error introduced into epidemiological investigations by potential participants who decline participation. As these could not be applied to our present epidemiological case-control breast cancer study, a new and simple method was developed based on information gathered from those controls who participated only relunctantly. A formula is given for calculating an adjusted mean for the sample and corresponding p-value. Our own data were used to illustrate the method. The calculations then indicated that those who declined participation were slightly selected in some aspects, but not to such a degree as to obscure or cause any significant differences between patient and control groups.
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