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Parathyroid hormone and extrarenal acid buffering.

J A Arruda, V Alla, H Rubinstein

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |December 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Parathyroid hormone (PTH) significantly enhances the body's ability to buffer acid loads, independent of kidney function. This effect, crucial for maintaining blood pH, appears to involve carbonic anhydrase.

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    Area of Science:

    • Renal physiology and acid-base balance
    • Endocrinology and mineral metabolism

    Background:

    • The kidneys play a vital role in acid-base homeostasis.
    • Extrarenal buffering mechanisms are critical for managing acid loads.
    • The influence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on extrarenal buffering remains incompletely understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in extrarenal acid load buffering.
    • To determine if PTH enhances buffering capacity independently of renal function.
    • To explore the potential involvement of carbonic anhydrase in PTH-mediated buffering.

    Main Methods:

    • Acid load infusion (HCl) in bilaterally nephrectomized rats.
    • Experiments involving thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats with and without PTH replacement.

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  • Administration of agents known to stimulate or release PTH (EDTA, colchicine).
  • Studies in rats with experimentally induced chronic and acute renal failure.
  • Assessment of blood pH and bicarbonate levels as indicators of buffering capacity.

    • Main Results:

    • PTH administration significantly increased blood pH and bicarbonate levels during HCl infusion in nephrectomized rats.
    • Endogenous PTH release, stimulated by EDTA or colchicine, enhanced buffering capacity in intact rats but not in TPTX rats.
    • The enhanced extrarenal buffering capacity observed in chronic and acute renal failure models was dependent on the presence of parathyroid glands.
    • PTH failed to enhance extrarenal buffering in TPTX rats treated with acetazolamide, suggesting a role for carbonic anhydrase.

    Conclusions:

    • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) demonstrably enhances the extrarenal buffering capacity of an acid load.
    • This PTH-mediated buffering effect is independent of kidney function and relies on the presence of parathyroid glands.
    • The findings suggest that PTH's influence on extrarenal buffering is likely mediated through carbonic anhydrase.