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Complement and C1q binding substances in otitis media.

K Prellner, N I Nilsson, U Johnson

    The Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. Supplement
    |May 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Complement activation occurs in otitis media, indicated by abnormal C1 complexes in patients. This may impair the immune system's ability to fight bacterial infections.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Otolaryngology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Otitis media, particularly chronic forms, involves complex immunological responses in the middle ear.
    • The complement system, a crucial part of innate immunity, plays a role in host defense against bacterial pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate complement activation pathways in patients with acute pneumococcal and chronic otitis media.
    • To identify specific complement components and complexes present in middle ear effusions and patient sera.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of serum and middle ear fluid samples from patients with different types of otitis media.
    • Detection of complement activation products, including C1r-C1s-C1 IA complexes and C1q binding substances.

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    Main Results:

    • Elevated levels of C1r-C1s-C1 IA and abnormal C1r-C1s complexes were found in patients with acute pneumococcal and chronic otitis media.
    • C1q binding substances were detected in middle ear effusions and sera from patients with chronic serous otitis media.
    • The presence of immune complexes or bacterial products correlated with complement component dissociation.

    Conclusions:

    • Complement activation, specifically involving the C1 component, is implicated in the pathogenesis of otitis media.
    • Dissociation of the C1 component may compromise the classical complement pathway's opsonic function, potentially hindering bacterial clearance.