Endoscopy of the pharyngeal eustachian tube

Transnasal endoscopy and transoral nasopharyngoscopy as routine examinations of the nasopharynx, tubal tori and pharyngeal part of the eustachian tube prove to be very useful. Some observations about the anatomy and the physiological movements of the tubal torus differ from the contemporary concept of the tubal opening mechanism. As measurements showed they do not necessarily correlate with tubal dysfunction or a patulous tube.