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Related Experiment Videos

Craniofacial venous plexuses: angiographic study.

A G Osborn

    AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Facial veins, including the ophthalmic vein, can be visualized during normal common carotid and internal carotid angiograms, contrary to previous assumptions. This finding expands understanding of venous drainage patterns in the head and neck region.

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    Area of Science:

    • Radiology
    • Vascular Anatomy
    • Neuroimaging

    Background:

    • Venous drainage at the craniocervical junction and skull base is well-documented.
    • Anastomoses between facial veins and the intracranial venous system are less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the normal visualization of facial veins and their intracranial anastomoses on cerebral angiograms.
    • To clarify the incidence of ophthalmic and orbital vein opacification during internal carotid arteriography.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of 54 consecutive normal cerebral angiograms.
    • Evaluation of venous drainage patterns, focusing on facial, lingual, submental, pterygoid, and ophthalmic veins.

    Main Results:

    • The pterygoid plexus, anterior facial, lingual, submental, and ophthalmic veins can be visualized normally on common carotid angiograms.

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  • Ophthalmic or orbital veins are opacified in most normal internal carotid arteriograms.
  • Anterior facial vein visualization during internal carotid angiography is normal with prominent extraocular artery branches and marked nasal vascularity.

    • Conclusions:

    • Facial vein visualization is a normal finding in common carotid and internal carotid arteriography.
    • Findings challenge previous reports regarding ophthalmic and orbital vein opacification.
    • Enhanced understanding of venous anatomy relevant to neurovascular imaging.