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Germinal cell mutagenesis in specially designed maize genotypes.

M J Plewa, E D Wagner

    Environmental Health Perspectives
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study uses maize (Zea mays) pollen to test environmental mutagens like pesticides and sewage sludge. Researchers are developing a maize-based monitor for detecting mutations caused by various environmental contaminants.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Mutagenesis
    • Plant Science
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Environmental mutagens pose risks to ecosystems and human health.
    • Assessing mutagenicity requires sensitive and reliable testing systems.
    • Maize (Zea mays) offers a robust model for genetic studies due to its well-characterized genome and rapid life cycle.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the mutagenic potential of pesticides and municipal sewage sludge using maize.
    • To develop a sensitive maize-based assay for detecting environmental mutagens.
    • To calibrate known mutagens (ethylmethanesulfonate and maleic hydrazide) in a rapidly maturing maize inbred.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized three inbred lines of Zea mays (W22, M14, Early-Early Synthetic) for mutagenesis studies.

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  • Employed the wx locus in pollen grains to detect forward mutations induced by pesticides, sewage sludge, ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), and maleic hydrazide (MH).
  • Conducted both in situ and laboratory experiments, exposing plants to field-relevant concentrations of contaminants.

    • Main Results:

    • Pesticide and municipal sewage sludge mutagenicity were assessed under field and laboratory conditions.
    • Ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) and maleic hydrazide (MH) demonstrated mutagenicity at low concentrations (1 microM and 10 nM, respectively) in Early-Early Synthetic maize.
    • A linear increase in forward mutant pollen grains was observed with increasing concentrations of EMS and MH.

    Conclusions:

    • Maize pollen-based assays are effective for detecting environmental mutagens.
    • The study supports the development of a comprehensive maize monitor for environmental mutagens, incorporating pollen, somatic cell, and cytogenetic endpoints.
    • This maize monitor system has the potential for broad application in environmental safety assessments.