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Novel RNA polymerase sigma factor from Bacillus subtilis.

W G Haldenwang, R Losick

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |December 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers discovered a new sigma factor (sigma 37) in Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. This sigma factor directs the transcription of specific sporulation genes, unlike the standard sigma 55 factor.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Gene Regulation

    Background:

    • Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase holoenzyme typically utilizes sigma 55 (σ55) for transcription.
    • Gene expression during sporulation involves specific transcriptional control mechanisms.
    • The purA-cysA chromosomal region contains genes crucial for sporulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To isolate and characterize a modified Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase with unique transcriptional specificity.
    • To identify the subunit responsible for the altered transcriptional activity.
    • To elucidate the role of this subunit in promoter recognition for sporulation genes.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and characterization of a modified Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase.
    • Gene cloning from the purA-cysA region.
    • Reconstitution experiments with core RNA polymerase and identified subunits.
    • Analysis of binary and ternary complex formation with promoter-containing DNA fragments.

    Main Results:

    • A modified RNA polymerase lacking σ55 but containing a 37,000-dalton subunit (σ37) was isolated.
    • This modified enzyme specifically transcribed two cloned B. subtilis genes associated with sporulation.
    • These sporulation genes were not transcribed by the standard RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing σ55.
    • Reconstitution experiments confirmed that σ37 confers transcriptional specificity.
    • σ37 facilitates stable complex formation between core RNA polymerase and specific promoter regions.

    Conclusions:

    • Sigma 37 (σ37) is a novel sigma factor in Bacillus subtilis responsible for the transcription of specific sporulation genes.
    • σ37 directs RNA polymerase to recognize promoters of these genes, enabling transcription initiation.
    • The discovery of σ37 provides new insights into the complex regulation of bacterial sporulation.

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