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Chemically induced leukemia in humans.

R H Adamson, S M Seiber

    Environmental Health Perspectives
    |June 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Exposure to certain chemicals, like benzene and some antitumor drugs, is linked to acute leukemia. More research and better models are needed to confirm these leukemogenic agents.

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    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Oncology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Human populations encounter numerous potentially leukemogenic chemicals through drugs, food additives, environmental pollutants.
    • Despite the vast number of chemicals, only a few are confirmed human leukemogens.
    • Benzene is a known bone marrow depressant linked to acute leukemia.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the evidence implicating specific chemical agents in human leukemia development.
    • To identify challenges in establishing causal links between chemical exposure and acute leukemia.
    • To suggest future research directions for studying chemically induced leukemia.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of case reports and epidemiological surveys associating chemical exposure with acute leukemia.

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  • Examination of evidence for specific agents like benzene, certain antitumor drugs, chloramphenicol, and phenylbutazone.
  • Discussion of limitations in current research, including animal models and reliance on case studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Benzene and several antitumor agents (procarbazine, melphalan, thio-TEPA, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide) are associated with acute leukemia.
    • Chloramphenicol and phenylbutazone are also implicated, though evidence is currently weaker.
    • Significant challenges exist in definitively linking chemical exposures to leukemia in humans.

    Conclusions:

    • Establishing definitive links between chemical exposure and human leukemia is complex.
    • There is a need for improved epidemiological studies and novel in vitro and in vivo models.
    • Further research is crucial to understand and prevent chemically induced leukemia.