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Cardiovascular abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus.

B L Chia, E P Mah, P H Feng

    Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : JCU
    |May 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Echocardiography revealed significant cardiac abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, including pericardial effusion and impaired left ventricular function. These findings were not linked to common clinical factors, highlighting the need for further cardiac monitoring in SLE.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Rheumatology
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with potential multi-organ involvement.
    • Cardiac manifestations are common in SLE but often subclinical.
    • Echocardiography is a key noninvasive tool for assessing cardiac structure and function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence and spectrum of cardiac abnormalities in patients with SLE using echocardiography.
    • To correlate echocardiographic findings with clinical and laboratory parameters in SLE patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Echocardiographic examinations were performed on 21 unselected patients with SLE.
    • Cardiac parameters including pericardial effusion, pericardial thickness, left atrial and ventricular dimensions, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and mitral valve closure velocity were assessed.

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  • Findings were compared to a control group and analyzed for correlations with hypertension, anemia, renal failure, protein levels, and disease duration.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant abnormalities were detected in a majority of SLE patients.
    • Pericardial effusion (24%) and thickened pericardium (29%) were observed.
    • Enlarged left atrial and ventricular dimensions, reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and slower mitral valve closure were noted compared to controls.
    • No correlation was found between cardiac abnormalities and hypertension, anemia, renal failure, serum protein levels, or disease duration.

    Conclusions:

    • Echocardiography reveals a high prevalence of diverse cardiac abnormalities in SLE patients.
    • These subclinical cardiac changes appear independent of common clinical and laboratory factors.
    • Long-term follow-up using noninvasive techniques is crucial to understand the clinical implications of these echocardiographic findings in SLE.