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Brucellosis in elk III. Serologic evaluation.

J K Morton, E T Thorne, G M Thomas

    Journal of Wildlife Diseases
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The complement fixation test (CFT) most accurately detected brucellosis in elk, with antibodies persisting longer than other methods. Combining tests improved detection rates in elk populations.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Immunology
    • Wildlife Disease Diagnostics
    • Brucellosis Research

    Background:

    • Brucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease impacting wildlife populations, including elk.
    • Accurate serological diagnostic tools are crucial for managing brucellosis in elk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To statistically evaluate and compare the efficacy of four serological tests for detecting brucellosis in elk.
    • To correlate test results with known brucellosis infections and assess antibody persistence.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparison of standard plate agglutination (SPT), buffered Brucella antigen rapid card (BBA), rivanol (Riv), and complement fixation (CFT) tests.
    • Statistical analysis of test sensitivity and specificity in naturally and artificially infected elk.
    • Evaluation of antibody titer duration post-inoculation in adult elk and calves.

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    Main Results:

    • Complement fixation test (CFT) identified the highest percentage (93%) of culture-positive elk at necropsy.
    • Antibody titers persisted for up to 4 years in infected elk, with CFT showing longer persistence.
    • SPT at 1:25 or higher was most frequent for detection, but declined rapidly after 6 months; SPT at 1:100 or higher was least frequent.
    • Combining any two of the four tests showed good agreement in identifying infected elk.
    • CFT titers persisted longer in calves with postnatal titers (average 10.7 weeks).

    Conclusions:

    • The CFT demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy and longest antibody persistence for brucellosis in elk.
    • Combination of serological tests can enhance the detection of brucellosis in elk.
    • Further criteria for seropositive elk identification are discussed based on test performance.