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Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Iraq

S K Al-Tikriti, F Al-Ani, F J Jurji

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed

    Insights

    Congo/Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) emerged in Iraq in 1979. Investigations revealed potential links to livestock and hospital-acquired infections, with virus isolates matching the CCHF group.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Congo/Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease.
    • The disease was first identified in Iraq in 1979.
    • Initial cases presented with potential links to animal contact and nosocomial transmission.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document the initial emergence and characteristics of CCHF in Iraq.
    • To investigate the epidemiological links and transmission routes of early CCHF cases.
    • To identify and characterize the causative viral agent.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical case investigation and patient interviews.
    • Virus isolation from blood and postmortem liver specimens.
    • Serological analysis of virus isolates.

    Main Results:

    • Ten CCHF cases were investigated starting September 1979.
    • Eight patients reported contact with sheep or cattle.
    • Two healthcare workers acquired infections nosocomially.
    • Virus isolates were closely related to the CCHF virus group.
    • Cases were geographically dispersed around Baghdad and Ramadi.

    Conclusions:

    • The study confirmed the presence of CCHF virus in Iraq.
    • Evidence suggested both zoonotic and nosocomial transmission pathways.
    • The geographically dispersed nature of early cases indicated potential for wider spread.

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