Meningeal involvement in multiple myeloma.

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Neurology

Background:

• Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by malignant plasma cells.
• Meningeal involvement is an uncommon but serious complication of multiple myeloma.

Observation:

• A case of IgG multiple myeloma with neoplastic cell infiltration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is presented.
• Diagnosis was confirmed using a protein A plaque-forming cell assay.
• Cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis showed a monoclonal band identical to the serum band.

Findings:

• The findings indicate neoplastic plasma cell infiltration of the meninges.
• The presence of a monoclonal protein in the CSF supports meningeal disease.

Implications:

• Meningeal involvement might be underdiagnosed in multiple myeloma, particularly in terminal stages.
• This case underscores the importance of considering meningeal spread in advanced multiple myeloma.
• Further investigation into the incidence and diagnostic methods for meningeal myeloma is warranted.