Extracortical attachment of bioceramic endoprostheses to long bones without bone cement

Dense, highly pure A12O3 ceramic not only shows excellent wear resistance and tissue biocompatibility, but also has sufficient mechanical strength for loaded endoprostheses. The necessary diameter size of the material to sustain adequate shear stresses can be achieved, if the endoprosthesis is attached extracortically to the conically truncated long bone according to the principle of the conical sleeve. Extracortical attachment of the endoprosthesis causes minor nutritive damage since long bones derive their vascular supply mainly from the medullary cavity. In this way a primary stable and loadable connection is established, which is a prerequisite for permanent anchorage of the implant through new bone formation. After experiments in 12 dogs bioceramic endoprostheses were implanted in a total of 40 human patients using this technique of extracortical attachment (12 hip joints, 24 proximal humeri, 4 special constructions). Thirty-six of these implants were stable after observation periods ranging from one to 49 months. A stable anchorage of the prostheses to the pre-existing bone through new bone formation could be demonstrated histologically. The above preliminary results show that bioceramic endoprostheses can be "incorporated" in the skeleton and possibly also withstand the functional stresses.