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Infection in burn patients.

R K Keswani, O P Miglani, U Sabherwai

Burns, Including Thermal Injury

|March 1, 1982

Summary

Burn unit infections show a shift in bacterial patterns, with decreased Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, but increased Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cross-infection was identified through phage typing, highlighting transmission risks.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Microbiology
Burn Care

Background:

Burn unit bacteriology typically involves Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Previous studies indicated the presence of Streptococcus faecalis, which is now absent.
Semi-isolation techniques are employed in the new burn unit.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the current bacteriology of burn wounds in a newly opened unit.
To compare findings with historical data from 1974.
To investigate the sources and transmission routes of bacterial infections, including cross-infection.

Main Methods:

Bacteriological cultures of burn wounds.
Comparison of current data with a 1974 study.
Phage typing and aeruginocine typing for bacterial strain identification.
Survey of wound, throat, and stool cultures from patients and attendants.

Main Results:

Predominant bacteria include Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Decreased incidence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus infections compared to 1974.
Increased number of sterile wounds.
Evidence of cross-infection identified through phage typing of S. aureus.
Transmission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (type 15) from stool to wound and between wounds observed.

Conclusions:

Burn unit bacterial patterns have evolved, with a notable decrease in some common infections and an increase in P. aeruginosa.
Cross-contamination is a significant concern, with evidence of transmission between patients and from stool to wounds.
Continued surveillance and infection control measures are crucial in burn units.

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