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Nitroglycerin stability: effects on bioavailability, assay and biological distribution.

T D Sokoloski, C C Wu

Journal of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy

|December 1, 1981

Summary

Nitroglycerin (NTG) solutions are stable but rapidly lost to plastic IV components and blood cells. This adsorption and absorption impacts drug delivery and accurate tissue assay.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Drug Delivery Systems
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Nitroglycerin (NTG) is administered intravenously for various medical conditions.
Understanding NTG's physical-chemical properties is crucial for safe and effective clinical use.
Challenges exist in both administering NTG solutions and accurately measuring drug levels in biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the solution, absorptive, and adsorptive properties of nitroglycerin.
To identify factors contributing to drug loss during intravenous administration.
To understand challenges in nitroglycerin assay in biological tissues.

Main Methods:

Stability studies of NTG in intravenous fluids.
Assessment of NTG interaction with plastic intravenous delivery set components.
Investigation of NTG loss in biological matrices, including red blood cells.
Analysis of extraction procedures for NTG and its metabolites.

Main Results:

Nitroglycerin solutions exhibit stability to hydrolysis under neutral conditions.
Significant loss of NTG to plastic IV components occurs via rapid adsorption and slower absorption.
Nitroglycerin is rapidly lost when incubated with red blood cells (half-life of 4.0 min at 10 ng/ml).
The loss mechanism to blood cells appears physical, not enzymatic.
Extraction issues in biological assays are linked to the solubility of NTG and its metabolites.

Conclusions:

Adsorption and absorption by plastic IV components pose a clinical problem for nitroglycerin delivery.
Rapid physical loss to blood cells complicates nitroglycerin analysis and distribution studies.
The physical properties of nitroglycerin significantly influence its clinical application and pharmacokinetic analysis.

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