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Structure and function of rabies virus glycoprotein.

B Dietzschold, J H Cox, G Schneider

    Developments in Biological Standardization
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    The rabies virus glycoprotein (G-protein) is the sole external viral protein and induces virus-neutralizing antibodies. Purified G-protein confers immunity, with its protective activity increasing significantly upon purification.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Immunology
    • Structural Biology

    Background:

    • The rabies virus membrane contains three major proteins, with only the glycoprotein (G-protein) exposed externally.
    • A minor glycoprotein (gp 50) is likely a degradation product of the G-protein.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the rabies virus G-protein.
    • To investigate its role in inducing virus-neutralizing antibodies and conferring immunity.

    Main Methods:

    • Rabies virus treatment with Triton X100 and purification by isoelectric focusing.
    • Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for molecular weight analysis.
    • Protease digestion and glycopeptide analysis to study oligosaccharide side chains.

    Main Results:

    • Purified G-protein exists as homopolymers (approx. 400,000 daltons) composed of 80,000 dalton polypeptide chains.
    • The G-protein is the only structural protein responsible for inducing virus-neutralizing antibodies and conferring immunity.
    • Protective activity was concentrated in the purified G-protein, requiring significantly less G-protein than whole virus for protection.
    • Analysis revealed three distinct glycopeptides, with heterogeneity in sialic acid content and isolation of two major tryptic glycopeptides with one or two oligosaccharide side chains.

    Conclusions:

    • The rabies virus G-protein is a key immunogenic component responsible for protective immunity.
    • Its purification enhances its protective efficacy, highlighting its potential as a vaccine candidate.
    • Structural analysis of the G-protein's glycosylation provides insights into its function.

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