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ECG changes in exercise-induced asthma.

A Ahonen, A R Sovijärvi, L Karhumäki

    Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) causes distinct electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, including altered wave amplitudes and prolonged recovery post-exercise. These ECG shifts correlate with reduced peak expiratory flow (PEF) in EIA patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Pulmonology
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a condition characterized by bronchoconstriction during or after physical activity.
    • Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes during exercise can indicate cardiac or respiratory stress.
    • Understanding the relationship between respiratory function and cardiac electrical activity in EIA is crucial for patient management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate electrocardiogram (ECG) alterations in patients with exercise-induced asthma (EIA) during and after exercise.
    • To compare ECG changes in EIA patients with those in asthmatic controls without exercise-induced bronchial obstruction.
    • To correlate ECG findings with respiratory parameters like peak expiratory flow (PEF) and arterial blood gases.

    Main Methods:

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    • ECG, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and arterial blood gases (PCO2, PO2, pH) were measured in 17 EIA patients and 12 control asthmatic patients.
    • Measurements were taken during and after exercise.
    • Statistical analysis was performed to identify correlations between ECG parameters, PEF, and blood gases.

    Main Results:

    • EIA patients exhibited significant ECG changes, including increased P wave amplitude in inferior leads, decreased P wave amplitude in aVL, diminished R wave, and increased S wave amplitude in anterior precordial leads during bronchoconstriction.
    • These ECG changes persisted for 4-10 minutes post-exercise in EIA patients, unlike control patients.
    • Significant negative correlations were observed between PEF and P wave amplitude (leads II, III, aVF) and S wave amplitude (V3 lead) in EIA patients. Arterial PO2 and PCO2 showed minimal changes, while pH decreased in both groups during exercise.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise-induced asthma is associated with specific, persistent ECG abnormalities during and after exercise.
    • The severity of ECG changes in EIA correlates with reduced peak expiratory flow, suggesting a link between airway obstruction and cardiac electrical activity.
    • Arterial blood gas levels (PO2, PCO2) are not significantly altered by exercise in EIA, but pH decreases, consistent with exertion.