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A decrease in S-adenosylmethionine synthetase activity increases the probability of spontaneous sporulation.

K Ochi, E Freese

    Journal of Bacteriology
    |October 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Mutants of Bacillus subtilis with reduced SAM synthetase activity exhibit altered sporulation. High levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or its precursors inhibit sporulation, while decoyinine and amino acid analogs induce it.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Bacillus subtilis sporulation is a complex developmental process.
    • Regulation of sporulation is influenced by nutrient availability and intracellular signaling molecules.
    • S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a crucial methyl donor involved in various cellular processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of SAM synthetase activity in Bacillus subtilis growth and sporulation.
    • To identify mutants with altered SAM synthetase levels and characterize their sporulation phenotypes.
    • To explore the effects of SAM, its precursors, and other small molecules on sporulation frequency.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and characterization of Bacillus subtilis mutants with reduced SAM synthetase activity (metE1, spdC1).

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  • Growth analysis and sporulation assays under various conditions.
  • Treatment with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), adenosine, methionine, decoyinine, and amino acid analogs.

    • Main Results:

    • Mutants with significantly reduced SAM synthetase activity showed near-normal growth but increased spontaneous sporulation.
    • High concentrations of SAM or its precursors (adenosine and methionine) inhibited sporulation.
    • Decoyinine (GMP synthetase inhibitor) and certain amino acid analogs (ethionine, selenomethionine) potently induced sporulation in the relA strain.

    Conclusions:

    • SAM synthetase activity is not essential for Bacillus subtilis growth but plays a regulatory role in sporulation.
    • Intracellular SAM levels appear to negatively regulate sporulation initiation.
    • Specific signaling molecules and amino acid analogs can override normal regulatory pathways to trigger sporulation.