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Optic cup formation: a calcium-regulated process.

R C Brady, S R Hilfer

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |September 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Calcium (Ca2+) is crucial for optic cup formation during embryonic eye development. This study shows that calcium dependency, likely involving calmodulin, regulates this vital process.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Cell Biology
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Optic cup formation is essential for eye development.
    • A contractile process is hypothesized to be involved.
    • Calcium's role in this process requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the calcium dependency of optic cup formation.
    • To determine the source of calcium involved in this process.
    • To explore the potential involvement of calmodulin.

    Main Methods:

    • Excising chicken embryo heads at the optic vesicle stage (stage 13).
    • Incubating explants in nutrient medium with calcium transport modulators.
    • Utilizing calcium antagonists (verapamil, papaverine) and agonists (A23187).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessing the effects of calmodulin inhibitors (trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine).

    • Main Results:

    • Calcium (Ca2+) antagonists reversibly inhibited optic cup invagination.
    • The calcium ionophore A23187 initiated precocious invagination only with external Ca2+.
    • Calmodulin inhibitors also reversibly inhibited optic cup formation.
    • [3H]trifluoperazine binding indicated Ca2+-dependent sites similar to calmodulin.

    Conclusions:

    • Optic cup formation is dependent on calcium (Ca2+).
    • The primary source of calcium for this process appears to be extracellular.
    • Calmodulin likely mediates this calcium dependency in early eye development.