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Related Experiment Videos

Respiratory sensitivity before and after birth.

M J Purves

    Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica
    |July 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Fetal respiratory movements occur during REM sleep and are inhibited during quiet sleep by a process possibly originating above the pons. Post-birth, this inhibition lifts, allowing continuous breathing, though full maturation takes months.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • Fetal respiratory activity exhibits distinct patterns related to sleep states (REM and quiet sleep).
    • Chemical and reflex controls of fetal breathing are less effective than in neonates.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the control mechanisms of fetal respiratory movements and apnoeic periods.
    • To understand the transition of respiratory control from fetus to neonate.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of evidence on fetal respiratory activity and its regulation.
    • Examination of peripheral input effects (chemoreceptors, pulmonary stretch receptors) on fetal breathing.

    Main Results:

    • Fetal respiratory movements correlate with REM sleep; apnoea with quiet sleep.

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  • Chemical and reflex inputs (CO2, hypoxia, Hering Breuer) have limited effects on fetal breathing, with some inputs inhibited at the receptor level.
  • Pulmonary stretch receptor activation does not influence medullary respiratory units or phrenic nerve in the fetus.
  • Apnoea is likely caused by a supra-pontine inhibitory process affecting medullary respiratory units.

    • Conclusions:

    • A fetal inhibitory process, possibly of supra-pontine origin, regulates respiratory apnoea.
    • Post-birth, the lifting of this inhibition enables continuous breathing, but full maturation of respiratory control takes up to three months.
    • Neonatal breathing regulation is initially imperfect, showing damped oscillations until full maturation.