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Related Experiment Videos

Calcium dependence and contraction in somite formation.

E A Chernoff, S R Hilfer

    Tissue & Cell
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Somitogenesis, the process of forming embryonic segments (somites), is calcium-dependent. Calcium and calmodulin antagonists disrupt this process, highlighting their crucial role in embryonic development.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Cell Biology
    • Embryology

    Background:

    • Somitogenesis is a fundamental process in vertebrate embryonic development.
    • The precise molecular mechanisms regulating somite formation remain under investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of calcium-dependent contractile processes in somitogenesis.
    • To elucidate the involvement of cell movement and apical constriction in somite formation.

    Main Methods:

    • Chick embryo segmental plate explants were cultured in various solutions, including calcium- and magnesium-free medium and media with specific drugs.
    • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze tissue morphology.
    • Pharmacological agents including Ca2+ agonists, Ca2+ antagonists, calmodulin antagonists, and microtubule inhibitors were employed.

    Main Results:

    • Calcium- and magnesium-free conditions and Ca2+ antagonists (verapamil, papaverine) halted segmentation, indicating a calcium dependency.
    • Calmodulin antagonists (chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine) also inhibited segmentation, suggesting calmodulin's involvement.
    • Microtubule disruption via nocodazole inhibited cell elongation and somitogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Somitogenesis is a calcium-dependent process involving contractile mechanisms.
    • Both calcium and calmodulin play critical roles in regulating cell shape and movement during somite formation.
    • Microtubules are essential for cell elongation and the overall process of somitogenesis.

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