[Percutaneous catheterization. Experience in a neonatal intensive care unit].

Area of Science:

• Neonatal medicine
• Pediatric surgery
• Vascular access

Background:

• Central venous catheters are vital for neonatal care.
• Percutaneous catheterization offers an alternative, potentially preserving large vessels.
• This technique requires careful consideration of associated risks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous catheterization in neonates.
• To identify the risks and benefits associated with this minimally invasive procedure.
• To establish guidelines for appropriate indications and technique.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 157 percutaneous catheterizations in 114 neonates.
• Documentation of procedural advantages, complications, and outcomes.
• Review of technique, including asepsis and catheter tip positioning.

Main Results:

• The procedure was performed in 114 neonates, totaling 157 catheterizations.
• Advantages include ease of technique and preservation of large vessels.
• Severe complications occurred, including 5 cases of septicemia and 5 of intrathoracic effusions, resulting in 5 deaths.

Conclusions:

• Percutaneous catheterization in neonates has significant risks, including sepsis and potentially fatal effusions.
• Indications for this procedure should be strictly limited due to severe complication risks.
• Meticulous technique, emphasizing strict asepsis and correct catheter tip placement, is essential to mitigate complications.