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Related Experiment Videos

Pituitary-ovarian function before, during and after the menopause: a longitudinal study.

M G Metcalf, R A Donald, J H Livesey

    Clinical Endocrinology
    |November 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Menopause transition involves hormonal shifts, with no distinct change at the final period. Menstrual cessation may stem from endometrial factors, not solely hormonal fluctuations during this reproductive stage.

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive endocrinology
    • Menopause research

    Background:

    • The menopausal transition is characterized by hormonal fluctuations and irregular cycles.
    • Understanding hormonal changes is crucial for managing women's reproductive health during aging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To monitor urinary excretion of key reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, oestrogens, pregnanediol) in peri-menopausal women.
    • To investigate hormonal profiles before, during, and after the final menstrual period.
    • To clarify the hormonal events associated with the menopausal transition and menstrual cessation.

    Main Methods:

    • Weekly urine sample collection from eight peri-menopausal women (aged 44-55).
    • Hormone analysis for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), oestrogens, and pregnanediol.

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  • Observations spanned 5-15 weeks pre-menopause to 22-30 weeks post-menopause.

    • Main Results:

    • No distinct hormonal shift was observed precisely at the time of the final menstrual period.
    • Peri-menopause shows a transition from regular ovulatory cycles to high gonadotrophin and low oestrogen levels.
    • Post-menopausal hormone levels (high FSH/LH) were observed before the final period, and high oestrogen episodes occurred after.

    Conclusions:

    • Menstrual failure appears to occur spontaneously during the menopausal transition, not necessarily at its hormonal conclusion.
    • The immediate post-menopausal hormonal state is indistinguishable from long peri-menopausal cycles.
    • Endometrial factors, rather than solely hormonal events, may determine the timing of menstrual cessation during menopause.