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Falls in the institutionalized elderly.

T Kalchthaler, R A Bascon, V Quintos

    Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
    |September 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Nursing home residents, especially older women, face high fall risks. Factors like mental status, multiple diseases, and medication use increase accident frequency, particularly at the bedside during evening hours.

    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Patient Safety
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Accidents in nursing homes pose significant risks to resident well-being.
    • Falls are the most common type of accident, leading to injury and reduced quality of life.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the incidence and characteristics of accidents among nursing home residents.
    • To identify risk factors associated with accidents, particularly falls.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective review of 72 accident reports from 190 nursing home residents over a 3-month period.
    • Analysis of resident demographics (age, sex, mental status), health status (number of diseases, medications), and environmental factors (time, location, staffing).

    Main Results:

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    • Falls constituted the majority of accidents. Advanced age and female sex were associated with major falls, while younger males experienced minor falls.
    • Alert, wheelchair-bound residents were at highest risk; those using assistive devices were at lowest risk.
    • Accident risk correlated with the number of existing diseases and medication use. Most accidents occurred bedside during evenings/nights, especially during shift changes or transitions in patient activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Accident prevention strategies should target high-risk individuals and environmental factors.
    • Understanding the interplay of resident characteristics, health status, and environmental conditions is crucial for mitigating nursing home accidents.