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Cardiopulmonary coupling during exercise.

B J Whipp, S A Ward

    The Journal of Experimental Biology
    |October 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Exercise physiology reveals two phases of non-steady-state responses. Rapid feedforward mechanisms control early responses, while later phases involve carotid body gain influencing ventilation to maintain blood gases during exercise.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Cardiorespiratory Control
    • Cellular Energetics

    Background:

    • Muscular exercise significantly stresses cellular energetics.
    • During exercise below the anaerobic threshold, ventilation and circulation maintain resting arterial gas levels.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the dynamic, non-steady-state responses of the cardiorespiratory system during exercise.
    • To elucidate the control mechanisms, including neural and humoral factors, governing these responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Application of dynamic forcing and systems-analytic techniques.
    • Experimental manipulation in humans and dogs to assess cardiopulmonary coupling.
    • Analysis of ventilatory and circulatory responses, including time constants and blood gas changes.

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    Main Results:

    • Exercise responses exhibit two distinct non-steady-state phases.
    • Phase 1: Cardiopulmonary coupling via feedforward mechanisms (mechanoreception), not arterial chemoreception.
    • Phase 2: Ventilation adjusts to CO2 output, but O2 uptake shows a transient fall; carotid bodies mediate compensation for lactic acidosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Cardiorespiratory control during exercise involves both neural and humoral mechanisms.
    • A feedforward link from cardiac activity to ventilation is crucial.
    • Carotid bodies are key in managing lactic acidosis, while aortic bodies play a minor role.