The Lack and Bain systems in spontaneous respiration
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Updated: Oct 21, 2026

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
Published on: January 29, 2011
Abstract:
In conscious subjects breathing spontaneously the performance of the Lack semi-closed system resembled the Magill attachment in that rebreathing was only detected at fresh gas flows of less than resting minute volume. With the Bain semi-closed system rebreathing was detectable at fresh gas flows of the order of 2.5 times the minute volume. The two co-axial circuits behaved similarly for anaesthetised patients. In adults breathing spontaneously the Lack system is efficient and more economical than the Bain.
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