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Pathologic changes in 3-methylindole-induced equine bronchiolitis.

M A Turk, R G Breeze, A M Gallina

    The American Journal of Pathology
    |February 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    3-methylindole (3MI) causes persistent equine bronchiolitis, damaging Clara cells and leading to long-term airway changes. This study models spontaneous equine respiratory disease, highlighting lasting lung injury.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Pathology
    • Equine Respiratory Diseases
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Equine bronchiolitis is a significant respiratory condition in horses.
    • Understanding the pathogenesis of equine bronchiolitis is crucial for effective treatment and prevention.
    • 3-methylindole (3MI) is a known toxin that can induce respiratory damage in horses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the sequential pathologic features of 3-methylindole-induced bronchiolitis in horses.
    • To establish 3MI toxicosis as a persistent model for studying spontaneous equine bronchiolitis.

    Main Methods:

    • Horses and ponies were administered an oral dose of 3-methylindole (3MI).
    • Bronchiolar tissues were examined at various time points, from 30 minutes to 27 days post-administration.

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  • Histopathologic evaluation focused on cellular and structural changes within the bronchioles.

    • Main Results:

    • Early lesions (30 minutes to 3 hours) involved damage to nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells, characterized by loss of apical caps, cytoplasmic granules, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) dilation.
    • By 12 hours, necrotic Clara cells were exfoliated, and ciliated cells showed degeneration and necrosis.
    • Inflammatory cells, epithelial changes, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and debris occluded bronchiolar lumens from 3 to 6 days, with persistent changes like rare mature Clara cells and collagen bands observed at 27 days.

    Conclusions:

    • 3-methylindole toxicosis serves as a persistent and relevant model for equine bronchiolitis.
    • The study demonstrates significant, long-lasting morphologic changes in the equine bronchioles following 3MI exposure.
    • These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of spontaneous equine respiratory diseases.