Two stable steady states in the Hodgkin-Huxley axons

Two stable steady states were found in the numerical solution of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations for the intact squid axon bathed in potassium-rich sea water with an externally applied inward current. Under the conditions the two stable steady-states exist, the Hodgkin-Huxley equations have a complex bifurcation structure including, in addition to the two stable steady-states, a stable limit cycle, two unstable equilibrium points, and one asymptotically stable equilibrium point. It was also concluded that two stable steady states can appear in the Hodgkin-Huxley axons when the leak current is comparable to the currents through the Na and K channels.