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Related Experiment Videos

An example of age-associated interference in memorizing.

A E Schonfield, H Davidson, H Jones

    Journal of Gerontology
    |March 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Older adults show greater memory interference on Brown-Peterson tasks compared to younger adults. While young adults experience retrieval difficulties, older adults exhibit a persistent proactive memory deficit.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Neuroscience
    • Human Aging Research

    Background:

    • Memory performance declines with age, but the specific mechanisms in intellectually superior individuals are not fully understood.
    • Proactive interference, where previously learned information hinders new learning, is a key area of memory research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare memory performance and interference effects in young and old intellectually superior adults.
    • To investigate age-related differences in recall and recognition using the Brown-Peterson task and Wickens paradigm.

    Main Methods:

    • Participants: Young (mean age 22.8) and old (mean age 68.8) intellectually superior adults.
    • Task: Brown-Peterson memory task with a 4-word recall and recognition test after backward counting.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Design: Wickens paradigm with switch (category change on trial 4) and nonswitch (no category change) conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Both age groups showed typical recall decline and recovery after a switch.
    • Older adults had significantly lower recall on trial 3 and nonswitch trial 4.
    • Young adults demonstrated near-perfect recognition, while older adults showed deficits for words from later trials (nonswitch).

    Conclusions:

    • Memory interference in young adults is primarily a retrieval issue.
    • Older adults experience a residual proactive memory deficit beyond retrieval difficulties, impacting memory accuracy.