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Complement activation by trichophyton rubrum.

J W Swan, M V Dahl, P A Coppo

    The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
    |March 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The fungus Trichophyton rubrum activates the complement system via the alternative pathway. This immune response generates molecules important for fighting fungal infections and inflammation.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • The role of the complement system in dermatophyte infections remains unclear.
    • Dermatophytes are fungi that cause skin infections.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the interaction between the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum and the human complement system.
    • To determine if T. rubrum can activate complement and through which pathway.

    Main Methods:

    • Human plasma was incubated with T. rubrum.
    • Complement activation was assessed by measuring hemolytic complement activity and C3 conversion.
    • Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) aggregating activity was quantified.
    • Complement pathways were selectively inhibited using heat, EDTA, or MgEGTA.

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    Main Results:

    • Incubation with T. rubrum reduced plasma hemolytic complement activity by 76%.
    • T. rubrum induced C3 conversion and PMN aggregation, indicating complement activation.
    • Complement activation was dependent on magnesium ions and calcium ions, and occurred via the alternative pathway, as the classical pathway inhibition did not affect it.
    • Heat or EDTA treatment abolished C3 conversion and PMN aggregation.

    Conclusions:

    • Trichophyton rubrum activates the complement system predominantly through the alternative pathway.
    • The generated complement factors (anaphylatoxins, chemotaxins, opsonins) likely play a role in host defense and inflammatory responses during dermatophytic infections.