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Localized bacterial infection in a distributed model for tissue inflammation.

D A Lauffenburger, C R Kennedy

    Journal of Mathematical Biology
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mathematical modeling reveals that reduced phagocyte chemotaxis can lead to dangerous localized bacterial infections. Higher chemotaxis stabilizes the uniform bacterial distribution, preventing dangerous foci during inflammation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Mathematical biology
    • Immunology
    • Infectious disease modeling

    Background:

    • Inflammation is a critical immune response to bacterial invasion.
    • Phagocyte recruitment and movement (motility and chemotaxis) are key processes in controlling bacterial infections.
    • Mathematical models are essential for understanding the complex dynamics of the inflammatory response.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and analyze a distributed mathematical model of the inflammatory response to bacterial invasion.
    • To investigate the conditions under which uniform versus non-uniform steady states of bacteria and phagocytes occur.
    • To determine the role of phagocyte chemotaxis in the stability of these states.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a distributed mathematical model incorporating phagocyte motility and chemotaxis.

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  • Analysis of model equations to find uniform and non-uniform steady state solutions.
  • Linear stability analysis to assess the impact of chemotaxis on state stability.
  • Numerical computations of transient inflammatory responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Both uniform and non-uniform steady states for bacteria and phagocytes are possible.
    • Non-uniform states, characterized by localized bacterial foci, are potentially more dangerous, leading to higher overall bacterial and phagocyte populations.
    • A phagocyte chemotactic response below a critical value favors non-uniform states, while a response above this value stabilizes the uniform state.
    • This chemotactic role as an inhibitor contrasts with its role as an activator in slime mold aggregation.

    Conclusions:

    • Phagocyte chemotaxis plays a critical role in determining the spatial distribution of bacteria during inflammation.
    • Reduced or insufficient chemotaxis can lead to dangerous localized bacterial infections (foci).
    • Non-uniform steady states may be linked to conditions like chronic granulomatous inflammation, and their formation is not solely due to defective chemotaxis but can arise from specific kinetic parameters.