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Cytogenetic effects of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide-type growth-promoting agents. I. Micronucleus test in rats
Abstract:
The cytogenetic activities of 3 growth-promoting agents carbadox, olaquindox and cyadox were examined by the micronucleus test. These chemicals were administered i.p. to male Wistar rats 30 and 6 h before they were killed. Single-dose levels were 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 mg/kg for carbadox; 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 mg/kg for olaquindox; and for cyadox 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg. Over the entire dose range tested, carbadox induced a statistically significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the rat bone marrow, whereas similar activity of olaquindox started at a dose of 2 X 60 mg/kg. The effect of cyadox was very low even at the highest dosage tested. Further testing of the genotoxicity of this class of chemicals is required. The genetic activity of the solvent used (dimethyl sulfoxide) is briefly discussed.
Insights
Carbadox and olaquindox, veterinary growth promoters, showed genotoxic effects in rats via the micronucleus test. Cyadox exhibited minimal genetic activity, indicating a need for further genotoxicity testing of these agents.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Genetics
- Animal Science
Background:
- Growth-promoting agents like carbadox, olaquindox, and cyadox are widely used in animal agriculture.
- Assessing the cytogenetic activity of these compounds is crucial for understanding their safety profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the genotoxic potential of carbadox, olaquindox, and cyadox using the in vivo micronucleus test in male Wistar rats.
- To determine dose-dependent effects and identify potential thresholds for genotoxicity.
Main Methods:
- Male Wistar rats were administered single intraperitoneal doses of carbadox, olaquindox, or cyadox across a range of concentrations.
- Bone marrow was analyzed for the presence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes to assess cytogenetic damage.
Main Results:
- Carbadox induced a statistically significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes across the tested dose range.
- Olaquindox demonstrated genotoxic activity starting at a dose of 120 mg/kg.
- Cyadox showed minimal genotoxic effects, even at the highest dosage administered.
Conclusions:
- Carbadox and olaquindox possess genotoxic potential in vivo.
- Cyadox exhibits low genotoxicity under the tested conditions.
- Further investigation into the genotoxicity of this class of veterinary drugs is warranted.