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Acid-citrate-dextrose-phosphoenolpyruvate medium as a rejuvenant for blood storage
Insights
Stored red blood cells (RBCs) were rejuvenated using acid-citrate-dextrose preservatives with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). PEP effectively restored ATP, 2,3-DPG, and P50 levels, even without sucrose, improving RBC quality during storage.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Hematology
- Blood banking
Background:
- Stored red blood cells (RBCs) experience depletion of crucial energy metabolites and oxygen-carrying capacity.
- Maintaining RBC viability and function during storage is critical for transfusion efficacy.
- Current preservation methods may not fully restore RBC biochemical parameters.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) preservatives containing phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in rejuvenating stored RBCs.
- To determine the impact of PEP concentration on the restoration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and P50.
- To assess the necessity of sucrose in PEP-containing preservatives for RBC rejuvenation.
Main Methods:
- Stored RBCs were treated with ACD preservatives supplemented with varying concentrations of PEP.
- Levels of ATP, 2,3-DPG, and P50 were measured before and after treatment.
- Comparison of rejuvenated RBC parameters with those of fresh blood and blood stored without PEP.
Main Results:
- PEP-containing ACD preservatives successfully rejuvenated stored RBCs, restoring ATP, 2,3-DPG, and P50 levels.
- Restoration of P50 and 2,3-DPG was dependent on PEP concentration.
- Even after five weeks of storage, treated RBCs showed higher P50 and 2,3-DPG than fresh blood; ATP levels reached approximately 50% of fresh blood.
- Sucrose was found to be unnecessary for PEP's effectiveness.
Conclusions:
- PEP is an effective additive in ACD preservatives for rejuvenating stored RBCs, improving key biochemical parameters.
- PEP-supplemented preservation can extend the functional viability of RBCs beyond standard storage limits.
- The absence of sucrose does not diminish the efficacy of PEP in RBC rejuvenation, offering a potentially simpler preservation strategy.
Abstract:
Stored, depleted RBC were rejuvenated with respect to their levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and P50 by acid-citrate-dextrose perservatives containing phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) without sucrose. The restorations of P50 and 2,3-DPG were dependent on the phosphoenolpyruvate concentration. Erythrocyte P50 and 2,3-DPG, even after treatment with these preservatives, decreased with increasing storage period, but the P50 and 2,3-DPG of five-week-old blood were still higher than the corresponding values of fresh blood. ATP concentration was also increased by treating stored blood with preservatives containing phosphoenolpyruvate, but the elevated ATP of five-week-old blood was only about 50 percent of fresh blood. The ATP level could not be raised further by increasing phosphoenolpyruvate concentration but was improved by supplementation with adenine and nucleosides. Incubation of stored blood with 15 mM phosphoenolpyruvate was sufficient to restore ATP, 2,3-DPG and P50 of three-week-old blood to nearly normal. The results of these studies indicate that sucrose is not necessary for PEP to be effective as a preservative additive.