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Hemolytic complement activity in aqueous humor.

B J Mondino, H Rao

    Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
    |March 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Complement and IgG levels in aqueous humor increase with anterior uveitis. These immune components, including C1, C4, C3, and C5, are present but lower in normal eyes compared to serum.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Immunology
    • Complement System Research

    Background:

    • The complement system and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are crucial components of the innate and adaptive immune responses.
    • Understanding their presence and levels in ocular fluids is vital for diagnosing and managing inflammatory eye conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify hemolytic complement components (C1, C4, C3, C5) and IgG levels in human aqueous humor.
    • To compare these levels across healthy eyes, eyes with prior surgery, and eyes with anterior uveitis.
    • To correlate aqueous humor levels with serum concentrations.

    Main Methods:

    • Hemolytic assays were used to measure complement component (C1, C4, C3, C5) and IgG levels in aqueous humor.
    • Samples were collected from three groups: normal eyes (group 1), eyes with previous surgery (group 2), and eyes with anterior uveitis (group 3).

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  • Aqueous humor levels were compared to simultaneously measured serum levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Normal aqueous humor (group 1) contains functional complement components and IgG, but at lower concentrations than serum.
    • Aqueous humor levels of all measured complement components and IgG significantly increased from group 1 to group 3 (anterior uveitis).
    • The aqueous humor to serum ratios for complement and IgG also increased from group 1 to group 3, with levels in uveitis eyes approaching serum concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • The complement system and IgG are actively present in the human aqueous humor.
    • Anterior uveitis is associated with significantly elevated levels of complement components and IgG in the aqueous humor.
    • These findings suggest an active inflammatory and immune response within the eye during anterior uveitis.