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Mount St. Helens' volcanic ash: hemolytic activity.

V Vallyathan, M S Mentnech, L E Stettler

    Environmental Research
    |April 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mount St. Helens volcanic ash showed significant hemolytic activity, similar to asbestos. This suggests volcanic ash may pose a fibrogenic risk to heavily exposed humans.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Toxicology
    • Mineralogy

    Background:

    • Volcanic ash, particularly from Mount St. Helens, contains crystalline silica.
    • Previous studies have linked certain mineral dusts to lung diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the cytotoxicity and fibrogenicity of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash.
    • To compare the hemolytic activity of volcanic ash to known fibrogenic agents.

    Main Methods:

    • Mineralogical and analytical studies of ash samples.
    • In vitro hemolytic assays comparing ash to other minerals.
    • Consideration of particle size and crystalline silica content.

    Main Results:

    • Volcanic ash exhibited marked hemolytic activity, comparable to chrysotile asbestos.
    • Hemolysis varied with particle size but not free crystalline silica concentration.
    • Free crystalline silica ranged from 1.5% to 7.2%.

    Conclusions:

    • Volcanic ash demonstrates significant fibrogenic potential.
    • Exposure to volcanic ash may pose a risk to human respiratory health.
    • Particle size is a key factor in ash's biological activity.

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