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Physical conditioning of children.

V L Katch

    Journal of Adolescent Health Care : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Children’s exercise adaptations differ by age. Prepubescent children benefit more from skill training, while postpubescent children show greater physiological changes with exercise conditioning.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise physiology
    • Pediatric sports science
    • Human adaptation to training

    Background:

    • Understanding exercise-induced changes in children is crucial for effective training programs.
    • The "Trigger Hypothesis" suggests hormonal influences significantly impact physiological adaptations to exercise.
    • Prepubertal development presents unique considerations for physical conditioning.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explain exercise-induced changes in muscular and cardiovascular function in children using the "Trigger Hypothesis."
    • To differentiate training responses between prepubescent and postpubescent individuals.
    • To provide recommendations for designing effective physical training programs for different age groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Review and explanation of the "Trigger Hypothesis" regarding hormonal control and exercise adaptation.
    • Discussion of established principles of physiological adaptation to exercise, including energy transfer.
    • Analysis of key training variables: duration, intensity, and frequency.

    Main Results:

    • Prepubertal children exhibit limited training-induced biological alterations due to insufficient hormonal influence.
    • Postpubertal children demonstrate well-documented and predictable physiological adaptations to exercise.
    • The "Trigger Hypothesis" provides a framework for understanding these age-related differences.

    Conclusions:

    • Emphasis should be placed on skill acquisition for prepubescent children.
    • Physiological conditioning is more impactful for postpubescent children.
    • Training programs should strategically manipulate duration, intensity, and frequency for optimal results across age groups.

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