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Antibody-mediated modification of encephalitis induced by hamster neurotropic measles virus
Abstract:
The acute encephalopathy induced by hamster neurotropic (HNT) measles virus in BALB/c mice was abolished, and a subacute encephalitis was induced instead, when antibody to Edmonston (Ed) measles virus was administered three days after inoculation of HNT virus. Ascites fluid from 79XIC1, a monocolonal antibody to the hemaglutinin of strain Ed, had similar effects in vivo. However, other monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin of Ed strain--79XVV17 and 80IIIB2--were ineffective in vivo at all doses tested. By viral neutralization, immunofluorescence, and radioimmunoprecipitation assays, it was shown that the hemagglutinin of HNT virus reacted with 79XIC1 antibody but lacked the epitopes recognized by 79XVV17 or 80IIIB2 antibody, a finding that explains their different reactivity in vivo. These observations also identified previously unrecognized antigenic differences between the hemagglutinin of Ed and HNT measles viruses.
Insights
Antibody treatment altered measles virus (HNT) induced brain disease in mice. Specific antibodies targeting measles virus hemagglutinin showed varied effectiveness, revealing antigenic differences between virus strains.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Measles virus can cause acute encephalopathy.
- Hamster neurotropic (HNT) measles virus induces acute encephalopathy in BALB/c mice.
- Antibody responses are crucial in controlling viral infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of antibodies against Edmonston (Ed) measles virus on HNT-induced encephalopathy in mice.
- To characterize the antigenic differences between Ed and HNT measles virus hemagglutinins.
Main Methods:
- Administration of Edmonston measles virus antibody and monoclonal antibodies to HNT-infected mice.
- In vivo efficacy assessment of antibodies.
- Viral neutralization, immunofluorescence, and radioimmunoprecipitation assays to analyze antibody-hemagglutinin interactions.
Main Results:
- Administration of Edmonston measles virus antibody shifted acute encephalopathy to subacute encephalitis.
- Monoclonal antibody 79XIC1, targeting Ed hemagglutinin, replicated this effect.
- Monoclonal antibodies 79XVV17 and 80IIIB2 were ineffective, indicating HNT hemagglutinin lacks epitopes recognized by these antibodies.
- Antigenic differences between Ed and HNT hemagglutinins were identified.
Conclusions:
- Antibodies against Edmonston measles virus can modify the neuropathogenesis of HNT measles virus.
- Specific epitopes on the hemagglutinin molecule dictate antibody efficacy in vivo.
- This study highlights antigenic variations between measles virus strains, impacting neutralization and therapeutic strategies.