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Control over stress, type A behavior pattern, and response to stress.

M S Pittner, B K Houston, G Spiridigliozzi

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |March 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Type A individuals exhibit greater physiological stress responses and utilize more denial and projection coping mechanisms than Type B individuals when facing uncontrollable or inconsistently controllable stressful situations.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Health Psychology
    • Stress Research

    Background:

    • The Type A behavior pattern is associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
    • Understanding individual differences in stress response and coping is crucial for health.
    • Controllability of aversive stimuli significantly impacts psychological and physiological outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate physiological responses of Type A versus Type B individuals to varying degrees of control over aversive stimuli.
    • To examine differences in cognitive coping strategies (denial, projection, preoccupation) between Type A and Type B individuals in stressful situations.

    Main Methods:

    • Ninety-six college men were randomly assigned to four conditions: no control, consistent control, intermittent control, or low stress.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Physiological measures (pulse rate, blood pressure) were recorded.
  • Cognitive coping mechanisms were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Type A individuals showed higher pulse rates and blood pressure in consistent control conditions compared to Type B.
    • Type A subjects exhibited greater systolic blood pressure in the no-control condition and diastolic blood pressure in the intermittent control condition.
    • Type A individuals employed more denial and projection across high-stress conditions, but preoccupation levels were similar between groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Type A individuals demonstrate heightened physiological reactivity to controllable and uncontrollable stressors.
    • Denial and projection are more prevalent cognitive coping strategies in Type A individuals under stress.
    • These findings highlight distinct stress response and coping profiles between Type A and Type B individuals.