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Nitrate formation in rats exposed to nitrogen dioxide.

R L Saul, M C Archer

    Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
    |February 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) increases urinary nitrate levels in rats, with higher concentrations leading to greater increases. This suggests NO2 reacts with lung tissue, forming nitrite, not just respiratory water.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Health
    • Toxicology
    • Respiratory Medicine

    Background:

    • Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a common air pollutant.
    • Understanding NO2's interaction within the respiratory system is crucial for public health.
    • Previous hypotheses on NO2 absorption pathways require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the metabolic fate of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) following inhalation exposure.
    • To quantify the relationship between NO2 concentration and urinary nitrate levels.
    • To elucidate the primary mechanism of NO2 absorption and reaction in the mammalian lung.

    Main Methods:

    • Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to varying low concentrations of NO2 for 24 hours.
    • Urinary nitrate levels were measured on the day of exposure and for three subsequent days.
    • Quantification of urinary nitrate was performed to determine the dose-response relationship.

    Main Results:

    • A linear relationship was observed between administered NO2 concentration and increased urinary nitrate levels.
    • Urinary nitrate excretion increased significantly on the day of exposure and for three days post-exposure.
    • An estimated 8.4 mumol of nitrate was recovered per ppm of NO2 per 24-hr exposure in rats.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest that NO2 primarily reacts with oxidizable lung tissue components to form nitrite, rather than dissolving in respiratory tract water.
    • An estimated 9.6 mumol of nitrite is formed in the rat respiratory tract per ppm NO2 per 24-hr exposure.
    • Humans exposed to 0.1 ppm NO2 may form approximately 3.6 mg of nitrite in their respiratory tract daily.

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