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Hemoglobin G trait and S trait in the same patient
The American Journal of Medical Technology
|March 1, 1983
Summary
This study identifies hemoglobin GPhiladelphia/S (GPhil/S) trait, a benign condition that can be misdiagnosed as sickle cell disease. Careful electrophoretic analysis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and to prevent patient stigmatization.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Clinical Chemistry
Background:
- Sickle solubility testing is a common screening method for sickle hemoglobin (Hb S).
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis is essential for definitive diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies.
Observation:
- A patient presented with a positive sickle solubility test and an unusual hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern.
- The pattern showed three major hemoglobin bands (Hb A, Hb S, Hb A2) and suggested a split Hb A2.
- Further analysis revealed the presence of hemoglobin GPhiladelphia (Hb GPhil) co-migrating with Hb S.
Findings:
- The patient was diagnosed with the GPhil/S trait, characterized by Hb GPhil and Hb S.
- This electrophoretic pattern can be mistaken for more severe conditions like sickle cell-beta+ thalassemia or sickle cell trait.
- An apparent increase in carbonic anhydrase was noted, possibly indicating a split Hb A2.
Implications:
- Accurate differentiation of GPhil/S trait from sickle cell disease is critical.
- Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary patient anxiety and stigmatization.
- Detailed hemoglobin analysis is vital for correct diagnosis of benign hemoglobin variants.