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Nature and Nurture

Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience, such as differences...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
09:36

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Published on: February 2, 2017

Weight-for-height in adolescence.

W Z Billewicz, A M Thomson, H M Fellowes

    Annals of Human Biology
    |March 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adolescent weight-for-height varies significantly with pubertal status and chronological age. Accurate growth charts must account for these developmental changes to properly assess child and adolescent health.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Human Growth and Development
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Accurate assessment of weight-for-height is crucial for monitoring child and adolescent growth.
    • Existing growth standards may not fully capture the complex interplay between height, weight, and pubertal development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of pubertal status on weight-for-height relationships in adolescents.
    • To determine if chronological age modifies these relationships.
    • To inform the development of more accurate weight-for-height standards.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of observational data from 669 boys and 753 girls.
    • Statistical examination of weight-for-height variations in relation to age and pubertal status.

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    Main Results:

    • Weight-for-height significantly differs based on pubertal status, even at the same age and height.
    • The relationship between changes in height and weight is also dependent on pubertal development.
    • These associations demonstrate age-specific variations.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronological age and pubertal status are critical factors in adolescent weight-for-height assessment.
    • Current weight-for-height standards require refinement to incorporate these developmental variables.
    • Improved standards are essential for accurate interpretation of growth trajectories.