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Related Experiment Videos

Implanted artificial heart with radioisotope power source.

V I Shumakov, G M Griaznov, G N Zhemchuzhnikov

    Artificial Organs
    |February 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents an atomic artificial heart with a 5-year lifespan, utilizing a unique steam engine design for orthotopic implantation. The device mimics natural hemodynamics and demonstrates effective autoregulation, offering a novel approach to cardiac replacement.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Cardiovascular Science

    Background:

    • Orthotopic implantation of artificial hearts is crucial for end-stage heart failure.
    • Existing artificial heart designs face challenges with power sources, longevity, and hemodynamic mimicry.
    • The need for robust, autonomous artificial heart systems with inherent regulatory capabilities is critical.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate an atomic artificial heart for orthotopic implantation.
    • To assess the device's hemodynamic performance, longevity, and autoregulation capabilities.
    • To introduce a novel thermal drive system for artificial hearts without electronic controls.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a 1.2 L, 1.5 kg atomic artificial heart powered by a 45 W radioisotope source.

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  • Implementation of a steam engine with separate cylinders for left and right ventricles, driven by a thermal power system.
  • Integration into an artificial pericardium with a physiologic solution, enabling control via venous return.
  • Experimental testing on a hydromechanical bench to evaluate autoregulation.

    • Main Results:

    • The atomic artificial heart achieved a volume of 1.2 L and weight of 1.5 kg, with a potential operating life of up to 5 years.
    • Hemodynamics similar to natural blood flow patterns were achieved.
    • The design successfully utilized a steam engine with separate ventricular drives, eliminating the need for electronic control systems.
    • Experimental testing confirmed effective autoregulation controlled by venous return.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed atomic artificial heart offers a promising alternative for cardiac replacement, featuring a compact design and long operational life.
    • The novel steam engine design with separate ventricular drives ensures hemodynamic compatibility and autonomous regulation.
    • This approach bypasses the need for complex electronic control systems, enhancing reliability and potentially reducing failure points.