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Thrombotic complications with pacemakers.

V Mitrović, J Thormann, M Schlepper

    International Journal of Cardiology
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Permanent pacemaker leads can cause thrombotic complications, including venous occlusion. Severed leads lead to severe symptoms, making their removal mandatory to prevent serious health issues.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Vascular Medicine
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Permanent pacemaker implantation is common for cardiac rhythm management.
    • Venous access for lead placement can lead to thrombotic complications.
    • The long-term effects of pacemaker leads on venous vasculature require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the incidence and characteristics of thrombotic complications following permanent pacemaker lead implantation.
    • To compare thrombotic complications in patients with standard lead placement versus those with severed leads.

    Main Methods:

    • Brachial phlebography was performed in 100 patients (Group 1) ~44 months post-pacemaker implantation.
    • Phlebography was also performed in 12 patients (Group 2) with severed pacing leads.

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  • Clinical history and physical examination were used to assess venous flow impairment.

    • Main Results:

    • 39% of Group 1 patients showed thrombotic lesions; 10% had impaired venous flow based on history, and 12% based on clinical signs.
    • Complete venous occlusion occurred in 15 patients, with collateral formation observed.
    • All 12 patients in Group 2 (severed leads) exhibited thrombotic complications, with 11 showing clinical symptoms.

    Conclusions:

    • Thrombotic complications, including segmental venous occlusion, occur in a significant portion of patients after permanent pacemaker lead placement.
    • Severed pacing leads result in a high incidence of symptomatic thrombotic complications, necessitating their removal.
    • Early detection and management of venous complications associated with pacemaker leads are crucial for patient outcomes.