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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Postprandial exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

H S Novey, R D Fairshter, K Salness

    The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
    |May 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Exercise after meals can trigger fainting (syncope) and low blood pressure in some individuals. This reaction is linked to blood flow changes in muscles and the digestive system, not typical allergic responses.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise physiology
    • Allergy and immunology

    Background:

    • Systemic reactions to exercise are increasingly recognized.
    • Atopic individuals may experience exercise-induced symptoms.

    Observation:

    • An atopic individual experienced syncope and hypotension after strenuous running, preceded by itching, warmth, and hives.
    • Symptoms occurred only after meals and required subsequent exercise.
    • Laboratory challenges confirmed syncope and skin reactions only after a meal and exercise.

    Findings:

    • Fasting exercise (with normal or heat-retaining clothing) caused minimal blood pressure changes and skin reactivity.
    • Postprandial exercise reproduced syncope, hypotension, and cutaneous manifestations.
    • Plasma histamine and complement activation (C4, C4d, CH50) levels remained normal.

    Implications:

    • Postprandial exercise-related syncope may involve a shift of blood flow to splanchnic and skeletal muscle vasculature.
    • This mechanism may be independent of typical allergic mediators like histamine and complement.
    • Understanding these physiological shifts is crucial for managing exercise-induced systemic reactions.