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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

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Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid.

J M Coticchia, M A Lessler, E C Ellison

Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.)

|April 1, 1983

Summary

Pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid (PAAF) contains toxins that damage liver mitochondria, impairing energy production. This mitochondrial dysfunction likely causes organ failure in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis (AHP).

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

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Published on: January 19, 2017

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A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice

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Published on: January 9, 2026

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Pathophysiology

Background:

Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis (AHP) can lead to multiple organ failure.
Pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid (PAAF) is suspected to contain toxic factors responsible for organ damage.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of PAAF on hepatic mitochondrial respiration.
To identify potential mitotoxic substances within PAAF.

Main Methods:

Pancreatitis was induced in dogs; PAAF was collected and applied to rat liver mitochondria.
Mitochondrial oxygen uptake, respiratory control (RCR), and ADP/O ratios were measured.
Dose-response experiments were conducted with canine and human PAAF.

Main Results:

Canine PAAF significantly increased state 4 respiration (120%) and inhibited state 3 respiration.
Human PAAF also increased state 4 respiration and decreased RCR.
A positive correlation was observed between PAAF concentration and increased state 4 respiration.

Conclusions:

PAAF contains mitotoxic substances that cause irreversible mitochondrial damage.
Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by PAAF leads to reduced ATP production, potentially causing organ damage in AHP.