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Hyponatraemia in the elderly.

S G Sunderam, G D Mankikar

    Age and Ageing
    |February 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hyponatraemia, or low sodium levels, affected 11.3% of geriatric patients, often caused by medications like hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride. This condition significantly increased hospital admissions and mortality rates.

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    Area of Science:

    • Geriatric Medicine
    • Internal Medicine
    • Clinical Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Hyponatraemia is a common electrolyte imbalance in hospitalized patients.
    • Elderly patients are particularly susceptible to hyponatraemia due to physiological changes and polypharmacy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence, causes, and clinical significance of hyponatraemia in geriatric inpatients.
    • To identify specific risk factors and contributing therapies for hyponatraemia in this population.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective study analyzing plasma sodium concentrations of geriatric inpatients over a 10-month period.
    • Review of patient records to determine the causes of hyponatraemia, focusing on diuretic and intravenous fluid therapy.

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    Main Results:

    • 11.3% of patients (77) had plasma sodium < 130 mmol/l; 4.5% (31) had severe hyponatraemia (< 125 mmol/l).
    • 73% of cases were iatrogenic, primarily linked to diuretic or intravenous fluid administration.
    • Hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride combination showed the highest tendency to induce hyponatraemia (P < 0.01).
    • Clinical features were present in 61% of hyponatraemic patients; 9 required admission solely for this condition.
    • Hyponatraemia doubled the unit's overall mortality rate.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyponatraemia is a significant and often iatrogenic complication in geriatric inpatients.
    • Diuretic therapy, particularly hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride, is a major contributor.
    • Prompt recognition and management of hyponatraemia are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality in the elderly.